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mansongeの「ニッポン民俗学」
Mansonge's "Japanese Folklore"

現代日本における呪術とその意味
Magic in present age Japan, and its meaning


　一般には「呪術」というと何とも古めかしく、古俗因習の遺物という響きさえある。野蛮な原始部族が信奉したり、古代日本に行なわれていたらしい、オドロオドロシイものというイメージ。また、「呪」という字からも想像できるが、人を呪ったりする黒魔術というイメージ。そんなところだろうか。
When it is generally called "magic", it is old very, and there is even sound called the remains of 古俗 convention. An image which a barbarous primitive tribe believes, or hang down, it is [ it is carried out to ancient Japan, ], and is called an ODOROO Dorothy thing. Moreover, an image called the black magic which curses people although it can imagine also from the character "呪." Is it such a place?

　ところがである。なんとこの現代日本においても、呪術はたいへんに盛んなのである。それも若い世代にその傾向が著しい。おそらく、いま日本で呪術を最も信奉しているのは十代の少年少女たちだろう。一見、呪術なんぞというものとは無縁と思われる彼ら彼女らが、なぜ呪術なんかに熱中するのだろうか。
however, it comes out Also in what and this present age Japan, magic is very prosperous. The tendency is remarkable in a generation also with young it. Probably, the boy girls of teens will believe in magic most now in Japan. Why are they, they who are apparently considered for a thing called magic etc. to be unrelated, absorbed in magic something?

　念のために『広辞苑』の釈義を引いておこう。
I will pull 釈義 of "extensive 辞苑" for a sense.
とある。これに、
It is. To this
ということも付け加えておきたい。
I want to add what is said.

　まずは、新世代における現代日本の呪術を概観しよう。彼らの自己紹介には、西洋占星術の星座と正体不明の血液型は不可欠のアイテムだが、これらは超自然的、神秘的な力の働きを信じる立派な呪術である。週刊誌の毎週の星占いは、彼らにはなくてはならぬご神託である。
First of all, I will survey the magic of present age Japan in a new generation. It is the splendid magic which believes work of power supernatural [ these ] and mystical in their self-introduction although it is an item with indispensable constellation of Western astrology and blood type of true character non-Ming. The horoscopy of every week of a weekly magazine is 神託 which they must not have.

　さらにズバリ、「おまじない」という呪文を彼らは毎日のように唱えている。たとえば、片思いの彼や彼女に自分の思いが通じ、願いが叶うようにと。しかもきちんと、おまじないの文句の体系まで整っている！　そればかりか、怨みを晴らすやり方さえある。これらを呪術と呼ばずして何を呪術と呼ぼうか。
Furthermore, they have recited the 呪文 ZUBARI and "a spell" like every day. For example, its thought leads to him and her of unrequited love, and a wish is 叶う. And it is ready to the system of the complaint of a spell exactly! There is even a method of dispelling about it and a grudge. Aren't these called magic, but do you carry out them, and what call magic?

　呪術そのものとは言えないかも知れぬが、その世界に近いものがまだまだある。生まれ変わりの信仰だ。自分がただ、いまの平凡な人間でしかないと思い続けている中学・高校性はむしろ例外だろう。ＵＦＯと交信している子どもは多いし、超能力や心霊現象にのっぴきならぬ関係を持っている少年少女も数多い。
Although it may be unable to be called the magic itself, there is a thing near the world still more. It is faith of regeneration. The junior high school and high school nature which it is continuing regarding as that they are themselveses and it being the present common human being will be exceptions rather. Many [ if it is のっぴき / children / there are many children who are communicating with UFO and / the boy girl who has ぬ関係 in supernatural power or the psychic phenomenon ]

　映画「学校の怪談」シリーズが流行っているが、言うまでもなくその前提として、自分の学校や地域に幽霊や怪物が徘徊していることを、心のどこかでは信じているわけだ。「都市伝説」という不可思議なウワサ物語もある。たとえば、著名テレビ番組の最終回がもうすぐ放映され、それとともに世界の終末がやってくるとか、格安のとあるハンバーガーショップは実はネコ肉を使っているのだ、とかいうようなものだ。
Although movie "ghost story of school" series is in fashion, needless to say, it believes that the ghost and the monster are wandering in their school and community by somewhere in hearts as the premise. There is also the mysterious UWASA tale a "city tradition." It is like for example, broadcasting the last round of a prominent TV program soon, and saying that the end in the world comes on with it, or, as for a certain cheap hamburger shop, cat meat is used in fact.

　現代日本に、呪術と呪術的世界は間違いなく生きている。ではなぜ彼らは呪術を信奉するのだろうか。人間として未成熟な子どもという一時期にありがちな、一時的な熱病にすぎないと思われるだろうか。
To present age Japan, magic and the magic-world are rightly valid. Then, why do they believe in magic? Is that it is only common temporary fever thought by one time called a child immature as man?

　いままでは、その性向があらわな子どもを挙げて、現代日本における呪術の盛況ぶりを述べてきたが、実は「呪術」とは明白に意識されずに行なわれてきた呪術が多々ある。「呪術」と呼ばれぬ呪術が日本には数多くあるのだ。そしてこちらの方こそが実のところ本丸である。
Although the disposition mentioned the open child until now and for the first time in [ of the magic in present age Japan / a success ] has been described, there is magic performed without being "magic" clearly conscious in fact plentifully. Many magic which is not called "magic" is in Japan. And as a matter of fact, this one is just a main enclosure.

　日本人すべてと言ってもよいほどの人たちが呪術を信奉している。それが言い過ぎなら、積極的な信奉はせずとも、少しも怪しまずに呪術を受け入れて暮らしているのである。では、今度は大人の世界の呪術を見ていこう。なぜかはその後に考えたい。
Men to the extent that you may call it all Japanese are believing in magic. If it is an overstatement, without not carrying out but also suspecting と at all, positive belief accepts magic and is living. I will see the magic in the grown-up world shortly. I want to consider after that why it is.

　最もポピュラーなのは、「４号室」と「13日の金曜日」だろうか。「４」は「四＝死」でわかりやすいが、一方の「13」はご存じのとおり、キリスト教の俗信が起源だ。ここにかえって、日本の呪術の性格がよく表れていると言える。
Are a "No. 4 room" and "Friday, 13th" the most popular? "4" -- "-- 4 -- although it is intelligible at = death", the common superstition of Christianity of one "13" is the origin a familiar passage It can be said that the character of magic of Japan appears here well on the contrary.

　若者にとっての星占いと同じようなものに、中国起源の陰陽五行説（日本では陰陽道）がある。干支（えと）や六曜はよくご承知だろう。六曜とは大安とか仏滅とかいうものだ。結婚式を仏滅にする人は増えてきたが、結納を仏滅にしたり葬式を友引きにしたりする人はまずいない。
The Yin, Yang and five elements combination theory (Japan Yin Yang philosophy) of the China origin is in the same thing as the horoscopy for a young man. The sexagenary cycle (sexagenary cycle) and the six basic labels printed on a traditional Japanese calendar will be knowledge well. The six basic labels printed on a traditional Japanese calendar are the lucky day, Buddha's death, and the thing to say. although those who make a marriage ceremony Buddha's death have increased in number, those who make a ceremonial exchanging of betrothal gifts Buddha's death, or make a funeral friend influence are unsavory -- there is nothing

　年末年始に開運暦を買う人は多いし、土用の丑（うし）の日にはうなぎを食べ、家相で風水を気にする人も多い。易占いや手相見は街にあふれているし、四柱推命で運命を測る人もいる。神社のくじも呪術だ。凶と出たくじは神樹に結び付けるが、ここには呪術的意図が読み取れる。それに地鎮祭や棟上げも呪術だろう。
those who buy a better luck calendar at the end-of-the-year beginning of the year also have many many people who do, eat an eel on the day of 丑 (obtaining and carrying out) of the dog days, and care about 風水 by the aspect of a house 易占い and the palmist are full of the town and also have the person who measures fate by 4 柱推命. The lot of a shrine is also magic. Although ill luck and the lot which came out are connected to 神樹, a magic-intention can be read here. A Shinto ground-breaking ceremony and a framework raising ceremony will also be magic at it.

　もっと日常的には、季節の風物詩である。テレビでは定期的に日本全国の祭りや年中行事などを取り上げる「季節・風物もの」という企画があるが、これらは季節の正常な運行を助ける呪術である。あるいは、抽象的な時間を人間文化的に意味付けようとする呪術である。俳句の歳時記とは、これの体系化、集成にほかならない。
More nearly daily, it is a seasonal true symbol. Although there is the plan "the season and natural-features thing" which takes up a festival, an annual event, etc. of the Japan whole country periodically, on television, these are magic which helps seasonal normal operation. Or it is the magic which is going to give the significance [ time / abstract ] on a human culture target. The compendiums of seasonal words of a haiku poem are exactly systematization of this, and collection.

　他ですでに述べてきたことだが、一年の死と再生の正月、人生を段階づける七五三などもそうだ。また、死者を送迎する盆というものもある。伝統文化、民俗文化とは、そういう意味では、すべて呪術だ。起源や素材は、近世・中世・古代、西欧・中国・インドなど様々だが、現代日本にはすべてが流れ込んでいる。
It is others, and although it is having already stated, stage attachment る 753 etc. is so in one year of death, and the reproductive New Year and life. Moreover, there is also a thing called the tray which welcomed and sends off the dead. Tradition culture and folk-customs culture are magic altogether in such meaning. Although - ancient times, Western Europe, China, India of the origin or a material, etc. are various modern times and medieval times, all are flowing into present age Japan.

　それから、幽霊は迷信（呪術）だとする大人は多いが、葬式でのお経はなかなか欠かせないだろう。しかしこれも他で述べたように最たる呪文である。また、死や罪に際しての連座のケガレも呪術だ。このケガレは感染するのだ。呪術とはどうやらそういうものらしい。見えない力（モノ）が飛んでゆき、関係者や接触者に確実に付着したり彼らを襲ったりするのだ。
And although there are many adults who presuppose that a ghost is superstition (magic), probably, the sutras in a funeral are easily indispensable. However, as others also described this, it is the maximum slack 呪文. Moreover, KEGARE of implication for [ implication ] death or a crime is also magic. This KEGARE is infected. Seemingly, seemingly magic is such a thing somehow. The power (monochrome) which is not in sight flies and it dies, and it adheres certainly to the persons concerned or a contact person, or they are attacked to them.

　以上のように現代日本人は、老若男女を問わず、呪術世界に棲んでいる。このことは社会の後進性を示すものでも何でもない。日本人の聖俗秩序観＝世界観＝人生観を示すものにすぎない（あるいは、同様なことが世界中に満ち満ちていることを思えば、人間の世界とは呪術の世界とも言えようか）。
The present age Japanese lives in the magic world regardless of age or sex as mentioned above. This does not have anything that shows social sternway nature, either. A Japanese saint-and-laity order view = view of the world = a view of life is shown (or if it considers that the same thing has expired and expired all over the world, can it be called man's world also with the world of magic?).

　近代以降、世界は抽象合理的なものとなり、日本人は明治以降、そんな流儀も見習ってしまった。しかし釈迦が説いたような「ニヒリズム」を今さら生きることは難しい（注）。人間は抽象合理だけの世界には棲めないのだ。物理学に「果たして空間は曲がっているか」というテーマがあるが、人間は均質な時空間を曲げて意味を見い出している。聖と俗とはそういうことだ。
modernization or subsequent ones -- the world -- abstraction -- it became rational and Japanese people have followed example of such a style after Meiji however, "nihilism" which Gautama Buddha explained -- 今さ student きる -- things are difficult (notes) . man -- abstraction -- it cannot live in the world of only rationality Although the theme "whether it has turned at space sure enough" is in physics, man bent between homogeneous space-time and has found out the meaning. 聖 and a way of the world are such a things.

　何もなかった「古代」を、そのときの人間の思惟や感情を想像してみたい。自然に制約されるしかなかった古代。喜びも悲しみも他律的であった。人工の明かりのない夜空には、月と星が毎日少しずつ違う相貌を見せていた。すべてが不可思議で、かつ文字どおり神秘的に自律的だった。
I want to imagine man's 思惟 and feeling at that time for "ancient times" without anything. Ancient times which had to be restrained automatically. Joy and sadness were heteronomous. 相貌 from which the moon and a star are different little by little every day was shown as the night sky without an artificial light. All were mystically [ mysteriously / literally ] autonomous.

　人間とは自然の内にある生物だ。現代においても、この宇宙的、自然的、生物的リズムの内に生きざるを得ない。どんなに現代的生活を過ごそうとも、身体はもう一つの世界を知っているし、実はそこにしか生きることはできない。
Man is a living thing in the inside of nature. the present age -- also setting -- this -- it cannot but live to the inside of universe-natural and a living thing-rhythm The body knows another world in order to pass a modern life however, and in fact, it can live only there.

　私たちは、日々時計に従う、また無機的な月日が並ぶカレンダーで日常を過ごしているが、そんな「ケ」の時空間だけでは満足できないのだ。そうして「ハレ」の瞬間を求めるのだ。
Although we are passing every day in the calendar in which a clock is followed and inorganic days and months are located in a line with it every day, we cannot be satisfied only between the space-time of such "KE." Then, it asks for the moment of "Halle."

　月の満ち欠けがひと月であった時代、星が季節の運行を告げていた時代が長く続いた。私たちはこれを頭の記憶＝経験的には受け継げてはいないが、身体の「記憶」（というより現在的現実）としては覚えている（生きている）。若者たちの呪術志向は、彼らが大人より自然的身体的であることを告げるものであろう。
The moon was full and the time when the chip was in January, and the time when the star had told seasonal operation continued for a long time. us -- this -- memory [ of the head ] = -- although it is not experientially inheritable, he remembers as "memory" (rather than ---like now -- actual) of the body (it is alive) Young men's magic intention will tell a thing with them physical more naturally than an adult.

　だから私は、夜、墓地に行っても幽霊が出ないような精神風土が必ずしもよいものとは思わない。幽霊が本当に出なくなったら、そのときは当然ながら墓地なんぞというものも不要だろう。
Therefore, even if I go to night and a cemetery, a moral climate out of which a ghost does not come does not necessarily regard me as a good thing. Though then natural when a ghost stops appearing truly, a thing called a cemetery etc. will also be unnecessary.

　蛇足だが、「呪術」というものの相対化は進めねばならないだろう。伝統とはいつか失われねばならないものだ。すべては過程の中にある。伝統と言えども不易ではない。しかしながら「呪術」はなくならないであろう。
Probably, relativity-ization must be advanced although it is unnecessary addition, and it is called "magic." Tradition must be lost in when. All are in process. It is not non-易 although it is called tradition. However, "magic" will not be lost.

　最後に、警告になるが「呪術」に操られないことだ。操ろうとする「悪人」が必ずいる。地獄には往ってもよいが、突き落とされてゆくものではなく、自ら飛び込んでゆくものでなければならない。
It is that "magic" finally does not manipulate although it becomes warning. There is surely a "bad man" who is going to manipulate. Although 往って is also good for hell, it is not thrust down, and it must jump in itself and must die.


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